1945 Battle of Okinawa

The AARC can provide limited assistance to organisations such as the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA). In this case, it was able to provide reconnaissance, planning and staff support to conduct a Battlefield Study Tour (BFST) to Okinawa, Japan, in April 2019.

The location of the last great battle of the Pacific War, the island of Okinawa is still home to extensive United States military assets, and the study tour was fortunate indeed to be able to gain outstanding support from our US allies. In particular, this included superb support from the island’s United States Air Force 18th Air Wing and the foremost United States Marine Corps specialist on the Battle of Okinawa. 

Okinawa is a fantastic BFST location. The bulk of the terrain that so decisively shaped the fighting is still accessible and, despite widespread urbanisation, the compactness of the 82-day battle means that practically the entire battlefield is observable from a handful of key local features. 

One aspect of the Battle of Okinawa that makes it so relevant and applicable to the modern Australian Defence Force is the amphibious and offensive character of the campaign. The original invasion beaches, where the US Army and Marine Corps simultaneously assaulted with four divisions (two corps) abreast, can easily be visited. The battle then progresses through phases of war that include the advance, quick and deliberate attacks (up to corps level - with extensive air and naval fire support), hasty defence, and pursuit.

With the assistance of the attached US military historians, many fascinating site visits and discussions took place. Caves are widespread on the island, and participants were able to view examples of subterranean warfare at many locations. Okinawa is where American military power reached its apogee, and technology and doctrine were applied to defeat Japanese bunkers and determination. One site, exceptionally well maintained for study purposes, is the Japanese Navy Underground Headquarters. The severity of fighting against a committed and determined enemy is evident when visiting such a well-fortified location. Another well-developed site is the 'Peace Park' on the southern tip of the island. It includes memorials from every prefecture in Japan and the cave where the Japanese commanders had their final command post.

This BFST encouraged lifelong professional development via the in-depth study of military history, leadership, combat experience and innovation. Moreover, in addition to the benefits of US military engagement, the group was able to immerse itself in Japanese and Okinawan culture.

For more reports from the battlefield, see Twitter #OkinawaBFST.

Read an article on the activities’ impact by a participant.