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In times of peace, a nation goes with the Army that it can afford. In times of war, it goes with the Army that it has. The problem arises if it is not ready to scale up as needed. This study examines Australia’s sovereign industrial capability to scale up for war and other critical events such as the Australian bushfires and the COVID-19 global pandemic. Additionally, it determines whether Australia has the potential to leverage its existing capabilities and redirect defence-adjacent capabilities into …




The economy is going through its most significant economic crisis since the Great Depression, nearly 90 years ago. This crisis has exposed the Australian economy’s structural weaknesses, and consequently, brought the issue of the military’s own long-term financial resilience into focus. From the military’s perspective, the relevant question is ‘ what comes next ’. Specifically, the military needs to confront two critically important questions: How will this ongoing economic crisis impact the military’s own …

Professor John Spoehr is Professor and Director of the Australian Industrial Transformation Institute (AITI) at Flinders University. He is a social and economic analyst and strategist with over 25 years’ experience delivering high-quality contract research outcomes for government, industry and community organisations. Professor Spoehr is a national industry development and workplace innovation expert regularly called upon to provide advice to industry, government and NGOs on policy, strategy and practice. …

Mr Hamish Gamble is a Senior Project Officer who joined the Australian Industrial Transformation Institute (AITI) in January 2019. His responsibilities include the analysis of statistical datasets to provide insights into the performance of the economy at both a macro and a micro level. As a part of this role he provides monthly written updates on key economic indicators, with a specific focus on the labour market, including time series forecasts to identify the direction of these indicators. Hamish is …

How can we generate more land capability mass at less cost? The Chief of Army has asked us to think differently. My earlier article challenged the assumption that only a full-time organisation can deliver ‘high-end’ competencies for modern warfare fighting – using the example of the Swiss militia army of the Cold War. This article looks at a very different part-time force. The British Territorial Army (TA) of the Cold War received less formal training than the contemporary Australian reserve, yet it was …

Global demographic trends and urbanisation are combining to increase the size and density of cities… Conflict will be fought underground, in jungles, swamps, deserts, mountains and wherever people are, and increasingly in urban and littoral areas, the electromagnetic spectrum and the cyber and information domains. Army’s Contribution to Defence Strategy , Edition 2, pages 18-20. Reflecting common consensus, empirical evidence and even vicarious experience (Mosul, Marawi), the Australia Army’s most recent …
