Bridging the Gap

The Infantry platoon stands as the backbone of ground operations of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). Trained and equipped to fulfil a range of mission tasks that contribute and support an overarching strategic objective. Now, with the strategic shift towards littoral manoeuvre outlined in the 2024 National Defence Strategy (NDS), there is a requirement to adapt and enhance the capabilities of the Australian Infantry platoon for operations in coastal and near-shore environments. The purpose of this article is to delve into the current composition and objectives of the Australian Infantry platoon, outline the desired end state as articulated by the NDS, and propose training strategies and capability upgrades to bridge the gap between the two.

The Australian Infantry platoon remains a versatile and adaptable combat element, proficient in various tasks from conventional warfare to stability operations. Comprising three sections and a headquarters element, the platoon is organised and equipped to engage enemy forces and secure mission objectives effectively. Training for the Infantry platoon emphasises marksmanship, physical conditioning, fostering individual soldier skills, and their ability to operate seamlessly within a cohesive team through the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs).

In alignment with the strategic objectives outlined in the NDS, the ADF envisions transforming the Infantry platoon into a highly capable force optimised for littoral manoeuvre. This strategic shift aims to prepare the Army for operations in Australia's northern land and maritime spaces, with a key focus on enhancing capabilities for littoral operations. The future Infantry platoon will be tasked with conducting amphibious assaults, securing beachheads, and executing operations in densely populated urban areas. In order to bridge the gap between the current Infantry platoon and the desired end state outlined in the NDS, a comprehensive assessment of what our platoons require must be implemented.

Amphib

A cornerstone of littoral operations is the amphibious aspect, which units like 5RAR and 2RAR currently dedicate itself to. It encompasses a comprehensive array of skills essential for executing successful beach landings and establishing a formidable presence in the littoral space. Ship-to-shore movement and beach reconnaissance are crucial, requiring precise coordination and assessment of landing sites. A side-effect of conducting these operations is that personnel, clothing and equipment get wet, and in humid environments tend to stay wet.

To optimise performance, health, and hygiene, soldiers should be equipped with specialised clothing and equipment. Nylon-based uniforms offer quick-drying properties and durability, ensuring comfort in these climates. Employing moisture-wicking fabrics and strategic ventilation to regulate body temperature can also enhance the soldiers' effectiveness in the field enabling them to ‘thrive’ rather than ‘survive’. Current issued uniforms and equipment are versatile and effective for training areas anywhere south of Singleton, however they often tend to fall short when utilised in Townsville, Tully and Darwin, which most closely mirrors our predicted environment of tomorrow’s battlespace. Specialised boots like the Lalo Shadow Amphibian Boots or Salomon XA Forces Jungle footwear provide necessary traction, durability, as well as the functionality of the quick drainage of water and ability to dry faster than the conventionally issued and approved combat boot.

Urban

An aspect of this battlespace, is the densely populated urban areas which are prominent around littoral regions. As urbanisation becomes increasingly prevalent in these areas, proficiency in urban warfare becomes essential. Platoon training should cover a wide array of aspects, including room clearing, close-quarters battle, and the complexity of interoperability within the urban environment. 8/9RAR have recently done excellent work enhancing how we can return to live fire urban training, enhancing our ability to effectively practice and conduct these types of operations. Through realistic and scenario-based training exercises, Infantry platoons can now enhance their readiness and effectiveness in urban warfare scenarios, ensuring they are well-prepared to navigate and succeed in the challenging urban landscapes that characterise littoral regions. Now, it just needs to be rolled out to every battalion.

To ensure units are fully prepared for the demands of urban warfare, it is also crucial to integrate and conduct training alongside Military Police (MPs) and Engineer units. Collaborative training sessions allow for the seamless coordination and synchronisation of efforts between infantry platoons and these specialised units. Embedding specialised members from MPs and Engineers into section stacks during urban training, even merging within the barracks environment, can significantly benefit these small teams. This approach fosters familiarity and interoperability among unit members, facilitating smooth and rapid clearance of urban environments during operations. Moving forward, it is imperative to transition from the traditional practice of calling upon specialised assets as needed to a model of regular integration, where these specialists become integral components of Infantry platoons. This proactive approach ensures readiness for the fast-paced and dynamic nature of urban warfare, ultimately enhancing the overall capabilities and effectiveness of the units in littoral operations.

The Marines

The Marines mastered the littoral operation well before ‘littoral’ entered the vernacular of the ADF. Given that this is the ADFs chosen area of focus, it is imperative that we deepen our integration with the United States Marine Corps (USMC). Collaborating closely with them allows us to leverage their experience and insights, thereby enhancing our own proficiency in littoral operations. Aligning our tactics, techniques, and procedures with those of the USMC is essential to ensure interoperability and cohesion in joint operations. Speaking the same warfighting language fosters mutual understanding, cohesion, and camaraderie between Australian and US forces, which are vital elements for success in any military operation. Regular joint training exercises, exchange programs, and cross-embedding of personnel facilitate this integration and foster strong partnerships between our respective forces. Moreover, integrating with the USMC provides valuable opportunities for sharing knowledge, expertise, and best practices in littoral warfighting. This exchange of ideas enhances our collective capabilities and strengthens our ability to address common challenges and threats in littoral environments effectively.

In conclusion, as the strategic landscape evolves with an increasing focus on littoral manoeuvre, it is imperative for the Australian Infantry platoon to adapt and enhance its capabilities accordingly. The transition towards littoral operations, as outlined in the NDS, necessitates a comprehensive assessment of current capabilities and a proactive approach to bridging the gap between the present state and the envisioned future. Key areas such as amphibious activities, urban warfare, and integration with foreign forces have been identified as critical aspects requiring attention and investment. Through targeted training strategies, equipment upgrades, and closer collaboration with allied forces, the Infantry platoon can effectively prepare for the challenges of operating in littoral environments. Furthermore, by embracing lessons learned from allied counterparts like the United States Marine Corps and leveraging advancements in technology, the Australian Infantry platoon can enhance its readiness and effectiveness in littoral warfighting. Ultimately, the successful adaptation and enhancement of Infantry platoon capabilities will not only contribute to the overarching strategic objectives of Defence but also ensure the continued ability to respond swiftly and decisively to emerging threats in littoral regions. With a forward-looking approach and a commitment to continuous improvement, the Australian Infantry stands ready to meet the challenges of the evolving strategic landscape and uphold the nation's security interests in littoral environments.